UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY
(therapeutic)
Non-variceal bleeding treatment. An overview
Different lesions observed in upper G.I. tract
as a source of haemorrhage require somewhat different techniques and equipments.
The success of any modality for endoscopic hemostasis and the complication
rate depend on the nature of the bleeding source and the skill and experience
of the operator.
Different endoscopic techniques can be used for
the treatment of non-variceal bleeding. The most popular are :
 mono and bipolar
coagulation
argon and Nd:YAG
laser
argon plasma
coagulation
injection
therapy (adrenaline solution, ethanol, hyperosmotic solutions)
heater probe
topical therapy
Comparison of techniques
Results of the treatment
- Heater probe - Electrocoagulation - Laser therapy - Injection -
Heater probe - Results of the
treatment
| initial hemostasis |
75 - 100% |
| difficult access |
18 - 25% |
| rebleeding rate |
0 - 13% |
| definitive hemostasis |
75 - 95% |
|
emergency surgery |
20 - 25% |
| complications
- rare |
|
- Heater probe - Electrocoagulation - Laser therapy - Injection -
Electrocoagulation - results of
the treatment
- Heater probe - Electrocoagulation - Laser therapy - Injection -
Laser therapy - results of the
treatment
- Heater probe - Electrocoagulation - Laser therapy - Injection -
Injection - results of the treatment
- Heater probe - Electrocoagulation - Laser therapy - Injection -
Complications of non-variceal bleeding
Bleeding / Rebleeding
Perforation
Other complications
| 